“The quality of the parent-child relationship, attachment patterns formed in early childhood, and the values and morals modeled by parents also shape a child’s personality”
forth from their genes. Rather, babies enter the world with just a temperament
which is later formed into a personality with experiences at school, with
friends, siblings and most of all, by parents. Developmental Psychology says not
all kids are affected by good/bad parenting in the same way. Some are less
affected while others are emotionally harmed by their care taker’s behavior.
born 1995-2010 have the stormiest inner lives at stake in family dynamics.
Why?”
realized its importance. Parenting style has a big impact on how children,
particularly adolescence develop into adults. Let’s discuss the parenting
styles and their implications for successful children and leaders.
The Impact of Parenting Styles
Research suggests that parenting styles can have a range of effects on children. Some of the areas of a child’s life that may be affected in the present and in the future include:
- Academics: Parenting styles can play a part in academic achievement and motivation.
- Mental health: Parenting styles can also influence children’s mental well-being. Kids raised by authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved parents tend to experience more anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems.3
- Self-esteem: Kids raised by parents with an authoritative style tend to have strong self-esteem than kids raised by parents with other styles,
- Social relationships: Parenting styles can impact how kids relate to other people. For example, kids raised by permissive parents are more likely to be bullied, while kids raised by authoritarian parents are more likely to bully others.5
- Adult relationships: Researchers have also found that kids raised by strict, authoritarian parents may be more likely to experience emotional abuse in adult romantic relationships.6
Advantages of Authoritative Parenting
Because authoritative parents are more likely to be viewed as reasonable, fair, and just, their children are more likely to comply with their parents’ requests. Also, because these parents provide rules as well as explanations for these rules, children are much more likely to internalize these lessons.
Rather than simply following the rules because they fear punishment (as they might with authoritarian parents), the children of authoritative parents are able to see why the rules exist, understand that they are fair and acceptable, and strive to follow these rules to meet their own internalized sense of what is right and wrong.
Mixing Parenting Styles
The parenting styles of individual parents also combine to create a unique blend in each family. For example, the mother may display an authoritative style, while the father favors a more permissive approach.
This can sometimes lead to mixed signals. To create a cohesive approach to parenting, parents must learn to cooperate and combine their unique parenting styles.
Can You Change Your Parenting Style?
If you notice that you tend to be more authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved, there are steps you can take to adopt a more authoritative parenting style.
Strategies that may help include:
- Listen: Spending time listening to what your child has to say. Let them share their opinions, ideas, and worries with you.
- Establish rules: Create a clear set of rules for your household and communicate your expectations to your child. In addition to telling your child what the rules are, be sure to explain why these rules exist.
- Consider your child’s input: Authoritative parents set the rules but are also willing to listen to their child’s feelings and consider them when making decisions.
- Be consistent: Enforce rules consistently, but be sure to provide consequences that are fair, proportionate, and educational.
Developing a more authoritative parenting style takes time. With practice and consistent effort, however, you will find that your approach to parenting gradually shifts to a more supportive, involved approach that can lead to better developmental outcomes.
Limitations of Parenting Style Research
Links between parenting styles and behavior are based on correlational research, which is helpful for finding relationships between variables. However, such research cannot establish definitive cause-and-effect relationships.
Children May Affect Their Parents’ Styles
There is also evidence that a child’s behavior can impact parenting styles. One study found that the parents of children who exhibited difficult behavior began to exhibit less parental control over time. Such results suggest that kids might misbehave not because their parents were too permissive but because the parents of difficult or aggressive children gave up on trying to control their kids.8
Outcomes Vary
Some researchers have also noted that the correlations between parenting styles and behaviors are sometimes weak.8 In many cases, the expected child outcomes do not materialize. For example, parents with authoritative styles may have children who are defiant or who engage in delinquent behavior. Parents with permissive styles may have self-confident and academically successful children.
Cultural Factors Play a Role
Cultural factors also play a significant role in parenting styles and child outcomes. There isn’t a universal style of parenting that is always best. For example, while authoritative parenting is linked to better results in European and American cultures, research has also found that this style is not linked to better school performance Black and Asian youth.9
Summary
Parenting styles are associated with different child outcomes, and the authoritative style is generally linked to positive behaviors such as strong self-esteem and self-competence. However, other important factors, including culture, children’s temperament, children’s perceptions of parental treatment, and social influences, also play an important role in children’s behavior.
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